Notably, serum IL-27 level in second trimester could improve the predictive efficiency of common indicators for peripartum fetal distress in non-GDM and preterm delivery in GDM, while serum GDF15 level in second trimester could improve the predictive efficiency of common indicators for preterm delivery in non-GDM and macrosomia in GDM. The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is gestational diabetes.