Endosomal trafficking pathways play a crucial role in controlling the body's response to bacterial and viral infections, specifically involving the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signaling (Fig. 3). Here, STING1 is linked to viral infectious disease.