TNF and hyperlipidemia: Notably, it was demonstrated that LGS exerted anti-ALD effect in mice through multiple actions including alleviation of hyperlipidemia (reduced TC, TG and LDL; increased HDL) and lipid accumulation in liver (Oil red O stain), reduction of inflammation (reduced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), and enhancement of ethanol metabolism (increased activity of ADH and ALDH).