Positional enrichment on the X chromosome revealed that female-biased AMPs were strongly enriched in the X conserved region of the long arm in five out of nine cancers (HNSC, COAD, LIHC, BLCA, and LUSC), suggesting escape from XCI in cancers (false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected P < 0.05, Fig. 2f and Supplementary Table 4). This evidence concerns the gene ADSL and cancer.