Conditional knockout of Jag1 in mouse smooth muscle cells causes defects in the PDA and OFT, with reduced expression of mature smooth muscle cell markers in the OFT; moreover, indomethacin can partially rescue the PDA in these mice.605 Subsequent studies on smooth muscle Rbpj deficiency revealed phenotypes similar to those of Jag1 deficiency, with only a few gene-deficient mice being rescued by indomethacin.606 Another study indicated that Notch2 and Notch3 play crucial roles in promoting vascular smooth muscle cell development and functional closure of the ductus arteriosus.607. This evidence concerns the gene NOTCH3 and Patent ductus arteriosus.