Total DNA amounts were quite similar in both experimental conditions (NPs-Empty and NPs-CXCL12), and also revealed a reduction of around 40% in DNA level compared to initial amount suggesting a decreased in the cellular number in the chamber after 72 h (Fig 4C), as observed in F98 GBM cell and Hoechst staining scans (Fig 4A and 4B). Here, CXCL12 is linked to glioblastoma.