MTOR and breast carcinoma: Increasing evidence points to the relationship between breast cancer resistance and signaling pathways, including the loss of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) and the activation of PAM (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways), which significantly affect breast cancer resistance (Ali et al., 2017).