Recent studies have reported that G-CSF also has central neuroprotective effects and is a potential drug for cerebral infarction (Schabitz et al., 2003; Park et al., 2005; Schneider et al., 2005a; Schneider et al., 2005b; Solaroglu et al., 2006a; Solaroglu et al., 2006b; Solaroglu et al., 2007; Rahi et al., 2021), spinal cord injury (Koda et al., 2007; Nishio et al., 2007; Kawabe et al., 2011; Aschauer-Wallner et al., 2021), and other neurological diseases (Meuer et al., 2006; Tanaka et al., 2006; Laske et al., 2009; Sanchez-Ramos et al., 2009; Vafaei Mastanabad et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and brain infarction.