MPO and Sepsis: Animal studies have shown that intravenous injection of butyric acid in a rat Cecum Ligation AND Puncture (CLP) sepsis model can significantly reduce the mRNA level of HMGB1 in rat tissues, and the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (Cre), and pulmonary peroxidase (MPO) levels were significantly lower in the CLP group than in the control group, which confirms that butyric acid can significantly alleviate systemic multiorgan failure caused by sepsis (Zhang et al., 2007).