Specifically, we and others have previously shown that genetic deletion or pharmacologic inhibition of downstream effectors of β-catenin-TCF/LEF interactions, such as cyclin D1 (encoded by CCND1),50 GS,16 mTORC1,21 TBX3,17 AXIN251, or TNFRSF1952 either result in partial tumor responses or compensatory negative feedback loops leading to enhanced tumorigenesis. This evidence concerns the gene TBX3 and neoplasm.