VEGFA and neoplasm: Probiotics can increase the adhesion of tumor cells by regulating the levels of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and E-cadherin [101–103], while also inhibiting tumor EMT and the expression levels of VEGF and MMPs [104, 105], thereby suppressing the degradation of the tumor basement membrane and inhibiting angiogenesis.Probiotic treatment reduced the expression of EMT-related markers (Snail-1 and ZEB-1) in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer [104].