HIF1A and colorectal cancer: In cancer research, SCFAs are considered potential anti-angiogenic agents because they can influence the expression of VEGF.In colorectal cancer (CRC), sodium butyrate acts protectively by inhibiting VEGF and its key transcriptional activator, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)−1α [157, 158], thereby dampening hypoxia-induced angiogenesis [159].