For example, the association between RBP4 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and GDM risk is inconsistent among different ethnic populations.43,44 Additionally, different detection methods (eg, ELISA, Western blot, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and immunoturbidimetry) contribute to laboratory variations in RBP4 levels.45 Longitudinal prospective cohort studies to investigate alterations in RBP4 levels across the whole pregnancy and its association with pregnancy outcomes are urgently needed. The gene discussed is RBP4; the disease is gestational diabetes.