In addition, genes involved in lipid metabolism (SLC47A1, MFSD2A, ABCG5, APOA1, APOD, C8G), glucose metabolism (B3GALT5, B3GALT2, NDST3, SEPP1, MT1A), and inflammatory reaction (IL27, IL12RB2, IFN-ALPHA-13, IFNLR1, EREG, CD226), which are closely linked to Th17 cell differentiation, were significantly up-regulated following E. coli infection (Fig. 4E). Here, NDST3 is linked to escherichia coli infection.