NPPB and heart failure: Studies suggest that older male patients with severe AS and a history of CTS, lumbar spinal stenosis, deafness, early pacemaker implantation, bicep tendon rupture, polyneuropathy, unexplained weight loss, elevated cardiac biomarkers (such as pro-BNP and troponin), AF arrhythmia, heart failure with preserved EF, or autonomic dysfunction should be considered for CA screening, especially ATTR-CA.