NFKB1 and alkaline phosphatase measurement: PGC-1α plays a pivotal role in obesity-related AP; in obese states, pancreatic PGC-1α levels are suppressed, which prevents its binding to the NF-κB subunit p65, thereby promoting oxidative damage and amplifying IL-6-mediated inflammation, worsening AP severity (Pérez et al. 2019).