TNF and cancer: Different tumor-derived cytokines such as NF-κB signaling activating factors (i.e., tumor necrosis factor (TNF)) [46], CXCL1 [68], and inflammatory stimuli enhancing CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein beta (C/EBPβ) expression [69] have been described to antagonize muscle regeneration and interfere with muscle satellite cell homeostasis during cancer cachexia.