Further, the nuclear localization of miR-9 was confirmed by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in MLg cells (Fig. 1c and Supplementary Fig. 1c) and hLF from control donors (Ctrl hLF) or patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF hLF; Supplementary Fig. 1d), a lethal interstitial lung disease involving TGFB1 signaling37. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis.