In the UUO model of rats with obstructive nephropathy, AS-IV can inhibit the infiltration of inflammatory cells and improve the survival rate of renal tubular cells by regulating the TLR4/NF-кB, TGF-β/Smad3, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and prevent cell apoptosis, thereby delaying the progression of renal fibrosis [19, 52–54]. The gene discussed is SMAD3; the disease is renal fibrosis.