These include alterations in the monoaminergic system, changes in glutamatergic synaptic transmission, neuro-inflammation, alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and hippocampal atrophy (Dolotov et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and hippocampal atrophy.