Melatonin’s influence is equally significant in the context of liver diseases, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cirrhosis, where it modulates the nitrogen oxide (NOx) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways to alleviate oxidative damage and promote tissue recovery (Zhang C. et al., 2021; Esteban-Zubero et al., 2023). Here, NFKB1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.