TNF and postmenopausal osteoporosis: They clarified the upregulation of gut Th17 and TNF-α+ T cells in a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis and highlighted that OVX increased their S1P receptor 1-mediated (S1PR1-mediated) outflow from the gut and enhanced their subsequent influx into bone marrow via CXCR3 and CCL20 mediated (Yu et al., 2021).