BDNF and major depressive disorder: Iannuzzo et al. (2022) investigated ALA’s potential for treating depression, particularly in combination with other therapies, as it can effectively mitigate drug-related side effects such as the risk of diabetes and liver dysfunction. Moreover, ALA has been demonstrated to regulate the neuropathology of BDNF in mice model (Vasconcelos et al., 2015; Aliomrani et al., 2022). Furthermore, ALA alleviates methamphetamine-induced memory deficits and anxiety-like behavior in rats by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD and CAT (Kargar and Noshiri, 2024).