Additionally, BEVs augment the RANKL/OPG ratio in a TLR2-dependent manner, thereby promoting osteoclast differentiation and subsequently increasing bone resorption.14,39 In contrast, the BEVs of F. nucleatum increased the number of osteoclasts and exacerbated alveolar bone loss in a mouse model of periodontitis. The gene discussed is TNFRSF11B; the disease is periodontitis.