TFAM and acute kidney injury: In addition, it has been shown that alterations in TFAM levels or mtDNA copy number are associated with acute renal failure (Zhao et al. 2021b), tumor progression (Li et al. 2022), skeletal muscle atrophy (Kang et al. 2016), ischemic and nonischemic cardiac dysfunction (He et al. 2021), neurodegeneration (Li et al. 2017) and many other diseases.