VWF and cancer: Molecular changes also included modified expression of five genes in placental tissue (increased expression of metastasis associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1), integrator complex subunit 9 (INST9), Von Willebrand factor (vWF), and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2); and decreased expression of contactin 5 (CNTN5); following daily vitamin D supplementation initiated in the second trimester [33]).