TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: Li et al. also reported that MST1 inhibits the release of TLR-mediated inflammatory mediators (IL6 and TNFA) in macrophage by interacting with IRAK1, thereby playing a protective role in inflammation-induced hepatocellular carcinoma [15] Simultaneously, according to Tuerxun K and colleagues’ research, the differential expression of MST1, as identified in the study of Echinococcus granulosus infections, suggests its potential significance in the modulation of the host’s immune response and fibrosis, a role that may be analogous to its functions in other helminth infections [32].