However, a recent study of 65,000 UK men (50-69 years of age) showed that PSA levels and a history of prostate cancer were not associated with LUTS.(29) The growth of adenoma in benign prostatic hyperplasia appears in the transition zone of the prostate, close to the urethra, and results in LUTS. Here, KLK3 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.