Terms included "osteoporosis", "chronic kidney disease", "CKD", "bone mineral density", "bisphosphonates", "denosumab", "romosozumab", "abaloparatide", "teriparatide", "sclerostin inhibitors", "cathepsin K inhibitors", and "fracture risk". Boolean operators (AND and OR) were systematically applied, and additional database filters were set to include only English-language studies published within the specified date range. The gene discussed is CTSK; the disease is chronic kidney disease.