PDCD4 and prostate cancer: In another study, prostate cancer-derived exosomes were involved in the neoplastic transformation of AMSCs, promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in recipient AMSCs by downregulating the large tumor suppressor homolog 2 (Lats2) and the programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4), both in vitro and in vivo[144].