CASR and nephrolithiasis: Therefore, we speculate that the regulation of claudin-14 by CaSR may be achieved through the CaSR-PKA-STAT3-claudin-14 pathway, and we further speculate that CaSR-PKA-STAT3-claudin-14 may be activated during the stone formation process, thereby inhibiting calcium reabsorption and promoting urinary calcium excretion, leading to further formation of kidney stones.