CFTR and cystic fibrosis: In addition, knockout of the ubiquitin ligase SYVN1 or NEDD8 partially restores ΔF508-CFTR-mediated Cl-transport in human cystic fibrosis airway epithelia, indicating the important role of NEDD8 in ΔF508-CFTR-induced cystic fibrosis (Ramachandran et al., 2016).