CCL2 and Hepatic fibrosis: In liver fibrosis, enhanced NEDDylation is positively related to increased caspase 3 activity to induce hepatic stellate cell apoptosis, whereas inhibited NEDDylation reduces chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expressions to ameliorate apoptosis.