CACUL1 and pulmonary fibrosis: In pulmonary fibrosis, the cullin-associated and NEDDylation-dissociated 1 (CAND1) level is negatively related to cullin1 NEDDylation in EMT, while the interaction between CAND1 and cullin1 enables the Skp-cullin-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase system to boost protein ubiquitination (Zhou et al., 2022c).