TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: The ability of pirfenidone to inhibit TGF-β has been confirmed in clinical trials (135, 136), and it was the first drug approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) treatment in Europe and was in phase III trials in the United States (134, 137, 138) (NCT01366209, NCT00287729, NCT00287716, and NCT01504334).