In the last years studies performed in unrelated diseases (e.g., vascular calcification, chronic kidney disease, ectopic mineralization on genetic basis) demonstrated that pathological calcification is a complex process in which molecular (e.g., fetuin A, osteopontin and BMP-2, -4) and/or different cellular mediators (e.g., smooth muscle cells, circulating vascular progenitor cells and fibroblasts) may play a key role (8, 9). The gene discussed is AHSG; the disease is chronic kidney disease.