Recently, SPP1 + macrophages, characterized by high levels of APOE, SPP1, TREM2, and MMP9 that were initially identified in adipose tissue as lipid-associated macrophages, were reported to be enriched in hypoxic and necrotic tumor regions and serve as the phagocytic cells for phagocytosing dying cells in colon cancer [6, 7]. Here, SPP1 is linked to neoplasm.