Given that 91–94% of NMIBC and 47% of MIBC belong to the luminal type, in which PPARγ activity is as a key feature [6], and cinobufotalin displays the highest potency against luminal-type BC cells (Fig. 1), we further examined the effects of cinobufotalin on mRNA levels of PPARγ and its downstream target genes via RT-qPCR analysis. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is breast cancer.