In addition, proteins with high levels of tyrosine phosphorylation were significantly associated with Ras signalling pathways, activation of MAPK and ERBB signalling pathways, activation of cell adhesion and motility pathway by Rap1 (small GTPase protein), regulation of adaptive immune responses by PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint and T-cell receptor signalling pathways and as expected, signalling pathways implicated in NSCLC network (Fig. 2E). Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.