Among the distinctively upregulated genes in low EGF treatment, we found genes related to anti-tumor immunity, sperm flagellar assembly, and mitogenesis (SLC6A6, DNAH17, DUOX1) (Ashtiwi et al., 2021; Shentu et al., 2024; Song et al., 2023). Here, DUOX1 is linked to neoplasm.