SOX11, usually inactive in mammary cells after birth, is expressed in estrogen receptor-negative Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) lesions, particularly in basal-like clusters with increased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and mammosphere formation capacity, and studies confirmed that SOX11 promotes the progression of DCIS to invasive cancer [63, 64]. This evidence concerns the gene SOX11 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ.