Five studies92,94,95,98,99 evaluated biomarkers related to chronic inflammation(IL-6 secretions, TNF-α secretions, IL-8 secretions, IL-1βsecretions and TGF-β) and resultant lung fibrosis (vimentin,α-SMA, surfactant protein-C, Krebs von den lungen-6, and MCP-1)and found increased levels of measured biomarkers in mice exposedto microplastics consistent with inflammation and lung fibrosis. This evidence concerns the gene ACTA1 and pulmonary fibrosis.