In colorectal cancer, the SPP1+ Mφ were positively correlated with the tumor-specific FAP+ fibroblasts, and the high infiltration of SPP1+ Mφ and FAP+ fibroblasts was associated with poor anti-PD-L1 therapeutic effects (75), highlighting the important role of SPP1 in cancer development. This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and colorectal cancer.