NGF and migraine disorder: These mechanisms encompass gene downregulation linked to cell apoptosis, resulting in increased cell growth, modulation of different neurotrophic factors like nerve growth factor for neuroprotective effects, acting as a potent antioxidant supporting cerebral vascular health, and influencing several brain neurotransmitters, including dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin, to alleviate migraines (38).