TRAF1 and renal cell carcinoma: Angiogenesis switch is among the mechanisms elucidated as involved in the development of resistance to sunitinib (211), and is also associated with high expression of TRAF1 mRNA; increased TRAF1 expression contributes to activation of downstream anti-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic pathways in sunitinib-resistant cells, leading to drug resistance in patients with RCC (162).