CD274 and neoplasm: Moreover, a hydrogel composed of glycyrrhizin (GA), Cu2+, and celastrol not only stimulates ROS production and accelerates apoptosis but also modulates the tumor microenvironment, promotes tumor-associated macrophages polarize to M1-TAM, and activates DC-mediated antigen presentation to stimulate T cell proliferation through chemodynamic therapy, thereby synergizing with anti-PD-L1 antibodies and demonstrating promising clinical translational potential (Wu et al., 2025).