VEGFA and neoplasm: Copper not only regulates the release of angiogenic factors like fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and inflammatory cytokine IL-1α (Chen Z. et al., 2023), but also promote tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by directly activating various proangiogenic molecules, including VEGF, SOD1, FGF2, TNF-α, and IL-6 (Wang X. et al., 2023).