VEGFA and alopecia: In vivo studies further support the role of VEGF in promoting follicle growth, density, and angiogenesis (Ozeki and Tabata, 2002; Gnann et al., 2013), with decreased VEGF expression reported in patients with alopecia (Kubanov et al., 2017a; Kubanov et al., 2017b; El-Refai et al., 2020).