There is extensive research with inflammatory markers (e.g., Galectin 1 and 7, intercellular adhesion molecular-1, degranulated mast cells, TGFb, IFNd, TNFa, IL4, IL6), observing differences in expression between periapical cysts and periapical granulomas (36–40). Here, LGALS1 is linked to periapical granuloma.