The IVW method analysis indicated that among the 91 proteins assessed, four proteins showed statistically significant associations with PCOS, including Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (OR = 1.396, 95% CI = 1.020–1.910, p-value = 0.037) and Chemokine C-C Motif Ligand 7 (CCL7) (OR = 1.294, 95% CI = 1.021–1.641, p-value = 0.033), which were associated with an increased risk of PCOS, while IL-6 (OR = 0.678, 95% CI = 0.495–0.929, p-value = 0.015) and Matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) (OR = 0.753, 95% CI = 0.587–0.967, p-value = 0.025) were associated with a reduced risk of PCOS. Here, CCL7 is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.