In an osteoarthritis mouse model, FXR receptor agonists attenuate osteoclast fusion in subchondral bone by inhibiting the JNK1/2/NFATc1 pathway.192 Another study using offload and OVX mouse models showed that FXR deficiency accelerates osteoclast formation by downregulating JNK1/2 expression and increasing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 (PGC-1β). Here, MAPK8 is linked to osteoarthritis.