In certain cases, MG and MФ may also contribute to progressive neurodegeneration in MS through the release of neurotoxic factors such as reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), glutamate, and inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), leading to demyelination, neuronal loss, and axonal and mitochondrial damage in lesions [77] (Figure 9). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and myeloid sarcoma.