In contrast, studies suggested that Black men may report higher pain levels than Caucasians, possibly due to variations in pain tolerance, access to healthcare, and historical disparities in pain management for minority populations.26 From a biological perspective, differences in androgen receptor gene polymorphisms, tumor pathobiology, and hormone metabolism have been observed across ethnic groups,26 may also contribute to these observed differences in pain reporting both at baseline and during the androgen receptor inhibitor treatment. Here, AR is linked to neoplasm.