We observed that the increased PINK1 response in PD appeared predominantly driven by differences in males (Figure 2, A and B) with a 6.0-fold increase of PD versus HCs in males (2-tailed Mann-Whitney, P = 0.022; 2-tailed Fisher’s exact, P = 0.013) compared with a 0.7-fold difference in female PD versus HCs (Mann-Whitney, P = 0.55; Fisher’s exact, P = 1.0). Here, PINK1 is linked to Parkinson disease.