PINK1 and Parkinson disease: Male patients with PD had significantly higher magnitude and frequency of PINK1-specific T cell responses for both IFN-γ and IL-5 (IFN-γ; fold change 3.3×, 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.009; 2-tailed Fisher’s exact test, 0.018, IL-5; fold change 8.4, 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.020; Fisher’s exact test, 0.03; Supplemental Figure 4, A and C).